CELL STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS
I. Cell Theory
- All living things are made of cells
- Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living things
- Living cells come only from other living cells
II. Structures and Functions of Cells
- Storing and releasing energy
- Building and repairing cell parts
- Excretion of waste materials
- Responding to the environment
- Reproduction
III. Structures in Cells
A. Cell Wall
- found only in plants
- a rigid structure that provides shape and support to plants
B. Cell Membrane
- found in both plant and animal cells
- thin and flexible, allows materials to move into and out of the cell
C. Cytoplasm
- a clear, thick, jellylike material that contains all the cell's organelles
D. Nucleus
- controls all cell activities (it is the brain of the cell)
E. Chromosomes
- made of DNA
-
assists with the production of proteins
F. Nuclear Membrane
- a thin membrane that surrounds the nucleus and allows materials to pass in and out
G. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
- tubular passageway that is involved in the manufacturing and transporting of proteins
H. Ribosomes
- small grainlike bodies that manufacture proteins
I. Mitochondria
- known as the powerhouse, it supplies all the energy for the cell
- it requires oxygen molecules to carry out cellular respiration
- the respiratory, circulatory, and muscular systems interact
to transport a molecule of oxygen from the air to a mitochondrion
J. Vacuole
- a large, round sac used for the storage of water
K. Lysosome
- found only in animal cells
- digests large food molecules and old cell parts
L. Chloroplast
- found only in plant cells
- converts sunlight into food by using the pigment chlorophyll
M. Golgi body
- receives materials from endoplasmic reticulum
- sends materials to other parts of the cell
- releases materials outside the cell
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